Spread over territories that are now part of Poland, Lithuania, Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Estonia, Russia, Moldavia and Transnistria, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the largest state in Europe when in 1683 its king Jan Sobieski came to the rescue of Vienna besieged by the Ottomans. A century later, between 1772 and 1793, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth disappeared from European maps following three partitions of which the ungrateful Austria was in turn a beneficiary, together with Russia and Prussia.